The 180 degree rule.
The rule states that when filming, the camera(s) should remain the same side of an imaginary line. The line is drawn perpendicular to the cameras viewpoint in the establishing shot of the scene. This rule helps to enforce continuity in the film. Breaking the rule will confuse the audience, especially in chase scenes or conversations.
Shot reverse shot.
Shot reverse shot is a continuity editing technique used in conversations or simply characters looking at each other or objects. As shot showing what the character is supposedly looking at is followed by a reverse angle shot of the character themselves looking at it, or the other character looking at them. If the rule is broken, it can distort the audiences sense of location of the characters in the shot.
Match on Action.
Match on action is an editing technique for continuity editing in which one shot cuts to another shot portraying the action of the subject in the first shot. This creates the impression of a sense of continuity-the action carrying on creates a 'visual bridge' which draws the viewers attention away from slight cutting or continuity issues.
The 30 degree rule.
The 30 degree rule is rule used in filmmaking with the purpose of creating continuity between different shots within a larger sequence of shots. When moving your camera between shots the camera should be moved a minimum of 25 to 30 degrees (with a maximum limit of 180 degrees) to avoid jarring transitions also known as jump cuts. This helps you seamlessly piece together a larger sequence of shots. Big transitions help hide small continuity differences
The Rule of Thirds.
The basic principle behind the rule of thirds is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts. You then position the important elements in your scene along those lines, or at the points where they meet. Your frame becomes more balanced and will enable a viewer of the frame to interact with it more naturally.
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